長嶋 利夫

<title>Abstract</title> To predict fracture behavior for ductile materials, some ductile fracture simulation methods different from classical approaches have been investigated based on appropriate models of ductile fracture. For the future use of the methods to overcome restrictions of classical approaches, the applicability to the actual components is of concern. In this study, two benchmark problems on the fracture tests supposing actual components were provided to investigate prediction ability of simulation methods containing parameter decisions. One was the circumferentially through-wall and surface cracked pipes subjected to monotonic bending, and the other was the circumferentially through-wall cracked pipes subjected to cyclic bending. Participants predicted the ductile crack propagation behavior by their own approaches, including FEM employed GTN yielding function with void ratio criterion, are FEM employed GTN yielding function, FEM with fracture strain or energy criterion modified by stress triaxiality, XFEM with J or ?J criterion, FEM with stress triaxiality and plastic strain based ductile crack propagation using FEM, and elastic-plastic peridynamics. Both the deformation and the crack propagation behaviors for monotonic bending were well reproduced, while few participants reproduced those for cyclic bending. To reproduce pipe deformation and fracture behaviors, most of groups needed parameters which were determined to reproduce pipe deformation and fracture behaviors in benchmark problems themselves and it is still difficult to reproduce them by using parameters only from basic materials tests.

拡張有限要素法による二次元亀裂進展解析について、従来の漸近解基底を拡充した方法と、拡充しない方法の差異について比較した結果を比較考察した．

The extended finite element method (XFEM) using a crack tip element (TIP element), which is enriched through only the Heaviside function, is applied to crack and its propagation analysis in two-dimensional elastic problems. In the proposed method, two-kind of signed distance functions are utilized in order to express crack geometry implicitly and finite elements, which has interaction with crack, are appropriately partitioned according to the level set values and then integrated numerically for derivation of stiffness matrix. The results by XFEM using TIP elements were compared with those by the conventional XFEM using both the asymptotic bases and the Heaviside function. It was shown that the TIP element provides appropriate stress intensity factors and crack propagation path.

Conventional finite element method is continually used for the flaw evaluation of pipe structures to investigate the fitness-for-service for power plant components, however, it is generally time consuming to make a model of specific crack configuration. The consideration of a propagating surface crack is further accentuated since the crack propagation behavior along the crack front is implicitly affected by the distribution of the crack driving force along the crack front. The authors developed a system to conduct crack propagation analysis by use of the three-dimensional elastic-plastic extended finite element method. It was applied to simulate ductile crack propagation of circumferentially surface cracks in pipe structures and could realize the simultaneous calculation of the J-integral and the consequent ductile crack propagation. Both the crack extension and the possible change of crack shape were evaluated by the developed system.

As a fundamental research problem relating to the amplitude of Pogo oscillation of liquid propellant launch vehicles, an experimental study was conducted in which a cylindrical shell vertically hung and partially filled with liquid was longitudinally excited at the bottom in the authors' previous paper. The vibration of the shell wall was induced at the several specific ranges of exciting frequency by the mechanism of parametric excitation. To analyze this problem, a set of nonlinear equations of vibration is derived with the aid of the finite element method. Axial mode shapes of the axisymmetrical and circumferentially n-wave modes are calculated from the linear part of the set of nonlinear equations. Using these two modes, the set of nonlinear equations is reduced to the coupled equations of two degrees of freedom. The equations to calculate a stationary vibration, and its stability are derived. The range of the parametric excitation is obtained in the plane of exciting force amplitude and frequency.