文学修士(オックスフォード大学), DEA(Univ. de Paris 3 Sorbonne Nouvelle), 高度研究課程証書(パリ第三大学ソルボンヌ・ヌーヴェル), DOC Lettres et sciences humaines(Universite Paris 10 Nanterre), 文学博士(パリ第10大学ナンテール)
Problem: due to the increase use of computer device (screen, mails etc..) concentration power in students had failed dramatically. Spped had replaced intelligence (namelly, the capacities to treat, synthetize and criticize outputs). In order to adress the difficulty, the following steps have been taken: \n1) grammatical analysis, in translation classes, of phrases before starting the translation \n2) as often as possible, asking the students to write in ballpen rather than by computer.