Agatsuma Soh

<p>【Objective】Little has been reported on the perceptions and experiences of parents who made pediatric living-liver donations to their children and their needs. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of parents who have experienced pediatric living-liver donation to their children.<br/>【Design & Methods】Thirteen parents who made a living-liver donation to their children were interviewed using a semistructured format; eleven were considered for analysis. The contents of the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed qualitatively through inductive classification.<br/>【Results】Three themes emerged from the data to construct the perceptions of parents who have experienced pediatric living-liver donation to their children: 1. Determine to become the donor, being influenced by their children's disease; 2. Recovering with the help of people around them, confronting their children who received the transplant; and 3. Living with their sick children, getting support from people friends, relatives, and attendents.<br/>【Conclusion】The results from the present study regarding the perceptions of parents who made a pediatric living-liver donation to their children suggest recommendations for nursing practice.</p>

Dream analysis is one of the quintessential methods in psychoanalysis, which was founded by S. Freud. The method of dream analysis started with Freud's innovative idea, which considered dreams as disguised expressions of infantile wishes. In recent years, there have been attempts to address not only the content aspect of dreams but also the process aspect of them, particularly among relation-oriented analysts. In this paper, the author examines the development of the method of dream analysis which has shed light upon the interactive nature of dreams, and argues for the importance of such expanded method. Case material is presented to explore the clinical significance of the theoretical discussions.