樋口 匡貴

This study aims to examine the effects of a speaker's use of dialect on the impression given by that person. The experimental conditions were as follows : (1) the speaker used a common language and a dialect with appropriate code-switching according to the situation; (2) the speaker used the same, but with inappropriate code-switching; (3) the speaker consistently used a common language; and (4) the speaker consistently used dialect. The subjects consisted of two hundred and eighty undergraduate students, some of whom were native speakers of the dialect while others were not. The experiment...

本研究ではまず,恥の感情状態における性差を検討した。恥の多様性を考慮して147名の大学生に対する調査を行った結果,状況によって性差が認められる場合があった。しかしその差の方向性に関しては,状況によって異なるものであった。さらにその性差が表れた理由について,恥の認知的な発生因を用いて検討した.288名および109名の大学生に対する調査の結果,恥を引き起こす認知的な発生因における性差と感情状態における性差のパターンは一致しないことが明らかになった。これらの結果が,性による表出規範の差異という観点から考察された。

本研究では,授業科目として実施した就職教育の効果について,心理的側面,行動的側面から検討した。16名の受講生および50名の非受講生に対する3回にわたる追跡調査の結果,当該科目の受講による心理的側面への効果は見られなかった。一方でいくつかの行動指標に関しては,受講による効果が認められた。しかしながらこれらの効果は主に,通常ならば下がってしまう行動意図を食い止める,という消極的な効果であった。これらの結果が教育内容の点から考察された。

In this study the authors investigated which of 4 causal factors of embarrassment is most characteristic in public and in private situations. University students (N = 288) were presented with 2 scenes representing public or private situations and were asked to rate 17 items related to the 4 factors causing embarrassment. The results indicated that in the public situation the causal factors were ordered as (a) disruption of social interaction, (b) apprehension of social evaluation, (c) inconsistency with self-image, and (d) loss of self-esteem, and in the private situation causal factors were ordered as (a) loss of self-esteem, (b) inconsistency with self-image, (c) apprehension of social evaluation, and (d) disruption of social interaction. From these results, new models for the mediating mechanism of embarrassment are proposed.

This study compares the structure of perceived and actual support for Chinese students. One hundred and seventy-five Chinese students responded to a questionnaire that measured perceived and actual support using the ""Social Support Scale for Chinese Students in Japan"" developed by Jou (1993). The correlation between the two support scores was extremely high (r=.83), perceived support being higher than actual support. Five factors for perceived support and four factors for actual support were obtained from the factor analysis. The meaning of the five factors of perceived support was ambigu...

本研究は,恋愛関係における効果的な告白方策としての言語的方策を明らかにすることを第1の目的とし,そうした告白方策の効果に関する状況差を明らかにすることを第2の目的とした.大学生18O名に対し,19種類の告白の言語的方策を呈示し,それぞれの告白を受けることによって,相手との関係が進展する程度を尋ねた.また状況要因として,告白者に対する被告白者の好意(片思い,両思い)を操作した.因子分析の結果,恋愛の告白に使用する方策は,“単純型",“懇願型",“理屈型"の3種類に整理されることが明らかになった.さらに,2(性別)×2(状況)×3(言語的方策)の3要因の分散分析を行った結果,①両思い状況で告白した方が片思い状況でよりも関係が進展しやすい,②単純型の告白を用いた場合にもっとも関係が進展しやすい,③単純型告白方策の効果の優位性は,状況および性別を問わない,ということが明らかになった.これらの結果が,言語的方策の持つイメージの点から考察された.

本研究は,恋愛関係における効果的な告白方策としての言語的方策を明らかにすることを第1の目的とし,そうした告白方策の効果に関する状況差を明らかにすることを第2の目的とした.大学生18O名に対し,19種類の告白の言語的方策を呈示し,それぞれの告白を受けることによって,相手との関係が進展する程度を尋ねた.また状況要因として,告白者に対する被告白者の好意(片思い,両思い)を操作した.因子分析の結果,恋愛の告白に使用する方策は,“単純型",“懇願型",“理屈型"の3種類に整理されることが明らかになった.さらに,2(性別)×2(状況)×3(言語的方策)の3要因の分散分析を行った結果,①両思い状況で告白した方が片思い状況でよりも関係が進展しやすい,②単純型の告白を用いた場合にもっとも関係が進展しやすい,③単純型告白方策の効果の優位性は,状況および性別を問わない,ということが明らかになった.これらの結果が,言語的方策の持つイメージの点から考察された.

This study compares the structure of perceived and actual support for Chinese students. One hundred and seventy-five Chinese students responded to a questionnaire that measured perceived and actual support using the ""Social Support Scale for Chinese Students in Japan"" developed by Jou (1993). The correlation between the two support scores was extremely high (r=.83), perceived support being higher than actual support. Five factors for perceived support and four factors for actual support were obtained from the factor analysis. The meaning of the five factors of perceived support was ambigu...

本研究は心理的リアクタンス理論(Brehm,1966)の枠組を用いつつ,被験者のT)アクタンス傾向が検閲効果に及ぼす影響を,場面想定法を用いて検討した。独立変数は,リアクタンス傾向(高群,低群)と自由の回復(回復あり,回復なし)であった。分散分析の結果,リアクタンス傾向要因,自由の回復要因の主効果,両要因の交互作用は見いだされなかった。次に個人内反応のレベルでより詳細に検討するために,リアクタンス傾向の下位概念を明らかにした上で,3つの下位概念,被験者の諸反応等を独立変数とする重回帰分析を行った。その結果,下位概念の1つである反抗,および被験者の性,検閲者に対する評価,メリット評価の変数が,被験者の態度に有意な影響力を持っていることが明らかとなった。

本研究は心理的リアクタンス理論(Brehm,1966)の枠組を用いつつ,被験者のT)アクタンス傾向が検閲効果に及ぼす影響を,場面想定法を用いて検討した。独立変数は,リアクタンス傾向(高群,低群)と自由の回復(回復あり,回復なし)であった。分散分析の結果,リアクタンス傾向要因,自由の回復要因の主効果,両要因の交互作用は見いだされなかった。次に個人内反応のレベルでより詳細に検討するために,リアクタンス傾向の下位概念を明らかにした上で,3つの下位概念,被験者の諸反応等を独立変数とする重回帰分析を行った。その結果,下位概念の1つである反抗,および被験者の性,検閲者に対する評価,メリット評価の変数が,被験者の態度に有意な影響力を持っていることが明らかとなった。

The purpose of this study is to clarify what the parents think about non-attendance at school of their children and how they will do with their children when they absent themselves from school. The results showed that the parents whose children had a tendency of school refusal persuade them to go to school although they tried to understand the situation from the standpoint of their children. The investigation also showed that there was a difference between parents and teachers as for understanding and attitude toward school refusal.

This study had two purposes; first, to examine the causal relationships between the four factors of embarrassment, i. e., apprehension of social evaluation, inconsistency with self image, disruption of social interaction, and loss of self-esteem, and second, to clarify the mediating mechanisms underlying the six subcategories of emotions that comprise embarrassment. Two hundred and eighty-eight university students were presented with "Public" or "Private" embarrassing situations, and were asked to rate 12 items related to the four factors of embarrassment, and 17 items measuring the six sub...

The purpose of this study is to review the studies on persuasion in Japan. An examination has been made of 152 persuasion studies published in Japan-141 journal papers and 11 technical books.The present study consists of the following four parts.1. Overview of persuasion studies in Japan: (1) quantitative characteristics of persuasion studies, (2) change in the number of persuasion studies with the times, (3) viewpoint of the review.2. General problems of persuasion studies: (1) general review of persuasion studies, (2) resistance to persuasion, (3) cognitive and information processing appr...

The purpose of this study is to review the studies on persuasion in Japan. An examination has been made of 152 persuasion studies published in Japan-141 journal papers and 11 technical books.The present study consists of the following four parts.1. Overview of persuasion studies in Japan: (1) quantitative characteristics of persuasion studies, (2) change in the number of persuasion studies with the times, (3) viewpoint of the review.2. General problems of persuasion studies: (1) general review of persuasion studies, (2) resistance to persuasion, (3) cognitive and information processing appr...

The purpose of this study is to review the studies on persuasion in Japan. An examination has been made of 152 persuasion studies published in Japan-141 journal papers and 11 technical books.The present study consists of the following five parts.4. Message variables: (7) discrepancy, (8) ego involvement, (9) other message variables.5. Recipient variables: (1) gender, (2) age, (3) personality, (4) other recipient variables.6. Context variables: (1) warning, (2) mood and emotion, (3) distraction, (4) other context variables.7. Special studies on persuasion: (1) nonverbal cues and persuasive e...

This study had two purposes; first, to reconstruct existing models of the mediating mechanisms of embarrassment, and second, to examine the mechanisms underlying the 6 groups of emotions that comprise embarrassment. Two hundred and eighty-eight university students were presented with "Public" or "Private" embarrassing situations, and were asked to rate 18 items related to the 6 elements representing the existing models, and 23 items measuring the 6 groups of emotions of embarrassment. Both explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that the existing models could be integrated int...

In order to clarify groups of emotions that compose shame, 309 university students were asked to rate 27 emotional items in accordance with their past shameful experience. The factor analysis revealed six groups of emotions composing shame, namely "Confusional Fear", "Emotion of Self-abnegation", "Basic Shame", "Emotion of Self-reproaching Shrink", "Awkwardness", and "Bashfulness". In another survey, the rated scores of 161 university students were examined in order to elucidate the relationship of the six groups of shame emotions with the multiple situational categories of shame, e.g. 'Pub...

The purpose of this study is to review the studies on persuasion in Japan. An examination has been made of 152 persuasion studies published in Japan-141 journal papers and 11 technical books.The present study consists of the following five parts.4. Message variables: (7) discrepancy, (8) ego involvement, (9) other message variables.5. Recipient variables: (1) gender, (2) age, (3) personality, (4) other recipient variables.6. Context variables: (1) warning, (2) mood and emotion, (3) distraction, (4) other context variables.7. Special studies on persuasion: (1) nonverbal cues and persuasive effect, (2) unplanned field experiments, (3) persuasion in mutual persuasive situations, (4) utterances in mutual persuasive situations, (5) persuasion schema and writing opinion essays, (6) role playing and persuasion, (7) effect of linguistic style on persuasion, (8) re-change of attitude.8. Conclusion. The study has revealed that persuasion studies on most themes except the specific five (fear-threat appeals, psychological reactance, warning, source credibility, and discrepancy) are extremely insufficient in Japan, and that there are eight possible directions in which persuasion studies in Japan should advance in the near future.

The purpose of this study is to review the studies on persuasion in Japan. An examination has been made of 152 persuasion studies published in Japan-141 journal papers and 11 technical books.The present study consists of the following five parts.4. Message variables: (7) discrepancy, (8) ego involvement, (9) other message variables.5. Recipient variables: (1) gender, (2) age, (3) personality, (4) other recipient variables.6. Context variables: (1) warning, (2) mood and emotion, (3) distraction, (4) other context variables.7. Special studies on persuasion: (1) nonverbal cues and persuasive effect, (2) unplanned field experiments, (3) persuasion in mutual persuasive situations, (4) utterances in mutual persuasive situations, (5) persuasion schema and writing opinion essays, (6) role playing and persuasion, (7) effect of linguistic style on persuasion, (8) re-change of attitude.8. Conclusion. The study has revealed that persuasion studies on most themes except the specific five (fear-threat appeals, psychological reactance, warning, source credibility, and discrepancy) are extremely insufficient in Japan, and that there are eight possible directions in which persuasion studies in Japan should advance in the near future.

The purpose of this study is to review the studies on persuasion in Japan. An examination has been made of 152 persuasion studies published in Japan-141 journal papers and 11 technical books.The present study consists of the following five parts.4. Message variables: (7) discrepancy, (8) ego involvement, (9) other message variables.5. Recipient variables: (1) gender, (2) age, (3) personality, (4) other recipient variables.6. Context variables: (1) warning, (2) mood and emotion, (3) distraction, (4) other context variables.7. Special studies on persuasion: (1) nonverbal cues and persuasive effect, (2) unplanned field experiments, (3) persuasion in mutual persuasive situations, (4) utterances in mutual persuasive situations, (5) persuasion schema and writing opinion essays, (6) role playing and persuasion, (7) effect of linguistic style on persuasion, (8) re-change of attitude.8. Conclusion. The study has revealed that persuasion studies on most themes except the specific five (fear-threat appeals, psychological reactance, warning, source credibility, and discrepancy) are extremely insufficient in Japan, and that there are eight possible directions in which persuasion studies in Japan should advance in the near future.

The purpose of this paper was to review studies on persuasion from the viewpoint of the Elaboration Likelihood Model based on Petty & Wegener (1998). The paper consists of the following four parts. 1. Introduction. 2. Multiple roles for persuasion variables. 3. Source variables: (1) credibility (expertise, trustworthiness), (2) attractiveness/likableness, (3) power, (4) additional source factors related to credibility, liking and power (speed of speech, demographic variables, majority/minority status, similarity to receiver), (5) number of sources. 4. Message variables: (1) message topic, position and style (issue-relevance/importance, position/discrepancy, conclusion drawing, use of rhetorical questions), (2) message content (argument quality, argument quantity, positive versus negative framing of arguments, fear-threat appeals, emotion versus reason in message, one-versus two-sided message), (3) message organization.