Kondo Fumiya

<p>This study aimed to investigate differences in the common factor of community consciousness between Japan and Korea. The scale included four subscales: "solidarity," "self-determination," "attachment," and "dependency on others." Web surveys were conducted in 669 adults (330 Japanese, 339 Koreans). Results of the survey showed that configural invariance was confirmed only for "self-determination" and its latent mean was higher in Korean participants. In sum, the results suggest that Japan and Korea have similarities and differences regarding community consciousness, which may be attributed to various factors such as social mobility and attitudes toward civil rights.</p>

<p>This study examined the relationship between images of religious believers and tolerant attitudes toward them. A questionnaire was administered to 220 respondents via a web survey. Exploratory factor analysis revealed that images of religious believers consisted of three factors: "mentally vulnerable," "pious," and "virtuous." Furthermore, hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that, regardless of whether the respondents were themselves religious or not, virtuous images were associated with tolerant attitude toward them. In contrast, the relationship between mentally vulnerable and pious images and a tolerant attitude was different, depending on respondents' religiousness.</p>