Etsuko Kamishiraki

オンデマンド型遠隔授業の受講生を対象に先延ばし意識特性尺度に回答を求め，学習履歴から分類した先延ばし学習傾向群間で比較を行った．先延ばし群には前半回のいずれかで先延ばしがあり，先延ばし無し群よりも「状況の楽観視」，「先延ばし前の否定的感情」，「先延ばし中の肯定的感情」の下位尺度得点が高い傾向があった．学生の先延ばし意識特性の事前把握や，授業前半で先延ばししている学生への援助の必要性が示唆された．

(1) Background: To what extent is information manipulation by doctors acceptable? To answer this question, we conducted an exploratory study aimed at obtaining basic data on descriptive ethics for considering this issue. (2) Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted on a large sample (n = 3305) of doctors. The participants were queried on (1) whether they consider that information manipulation is necessary (awareness), (2) whether they have actually manipulated information (actual state), and (3) their ethical tolerance. (3) Result: The response rate was 28.7%. Sixty percent of the doctors responded that information manipulation to avoid harm to patients is necessary (awareness), that they have actually manipulated information (actual state), and that information manipulation is ethically acceptable. (4) Conclusion: While the present survey was conducted among doctors in Japan, previous studies have reported similar findings in the United States and Europe. Based on our analysis, we hypothesize that a relationship of trust between patients and medical personnel is crucial and that information manipulation is not needed when such a relationship has been established.

<p>This research aims to clarify patients' needs and expectations regarding the role of medical social workers (MSW) in palliative and end-of-life care in Japan. A group of 188 cancer patients were given a questionnaire survey (response rate 77.7%). The respondents were divided into two groups: those who had received consultation from MSW in the past and those who had not. A factor analysis was performed for the group that had not received any consultation in the past. Five factors with 23 items were found within the group without any consultation experience. The five factors were as follows:developing a support plan for patients, helping patients who cannot confirm their intentions to make medical decisions, communicating patients' feelings to medical professionals, sharing information with other professionals, and providing psychological support to patients and their families. The model was evaluated as valid, with the goodness of fit at GFI 0.981 and AGFI 0.976. This study confirmed the need for MSWs in palliative and end-of-life care in the Japanese health system to provide support to the patients and their families in dealing with the final moments of life.</p>

<p>In order to identity the factors behind the role performance of medical social workers (MSWs) working in palliative and end of life care and the causal relationships of these factors, 1134 MSWs from designated core cancer centers across Japan were asked to fill out a questionnaire survey (response rate 37.1%). For this study, we created a multi-index model where competency, coping, attitude toward death, and adaptability to the workplace and the occupation all mutually influenced one another in regulating the role performance of the MSWs in palliative and end of life care. By conducting a covariance structure analysis, we obtained a statistically significant estimation regarding the model. The model was evaluated as valid, with the goodness of fit as GFI=.920, AGFI=.898, and RMSEA=.060. This study revealed the structure of the role of MSWs in palliative and end of life care (information sharing, social work practice, advocacy, patient decision making support, and mental health support); and the proposed hypothesis, including the relevant factors, was supported. We suggest that improving these conditions could lead to an optimization of the MSWs role in medical and care teams.</p>