Sato Sanai

The exposure of children to precursor events of sex crimes, deemed to cause minor damage, may not be reported by parents to police or school. This study identified the factors of parents’ intention to report children’s victimization involving precursor events to police and schools. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was applied to data obtained from a web-based survey of men and women aged 20–59 years who live in Fukuoka City and have an elementary or junior high school student as their first child (n = 518). The results revealed some factors assumed by protection motivation theory—appraised severity of the precursor event, belief in the efficacy of the contacts, and perceived self-efficacy of the contacts were positively related to the parents’ intention to contact police and school.

There are growing expectations that wearable devices will provide feedback on the health status of older adults, which can be used to raise their awareness of voluntary health maintenance and appropriate intervention by their supporters. On the other hand, older adults have many difficulties in the use of information devices, and at the same time, it is difficult to find out their own ways to use ICT devices or values of their usage, for older adults. In order to investigate those possibilities, a three-week continuous usability testing experiment was conducted for 8 healthy older adults using a wristband-type health smartwatch (Fitbit Sense). As a result, all participants were able to use the device continuously for three weeks, at least in the circumstances where we the testers set up. Even though their activity indexes were not changed significantly, there were some focused interests by older adults in their activities and/or daily reports; interests to the sleep evaluations, motivations to physical activities, and awareness of time and executing activities. Importance to design for being able to set-up their using circumstances by older adults themselves, and ways to sense and keep users’ interests or their values to use will be the keys to wearable information devices can be tools for older adults.

日本の犯罪被害の規模は，交通事故や労働災害を上回り，その未然予防は社会的課題である。既遂の犯罪者・被害者を取り扱う犯罪の三次予防では，公認心理師科目の司法・犯罪心理学によって，一定の教育研究が行われるようになったが，潜在加害者・潜在被害者を対象とした一次・二次予防では，社会心理学・教育心理学・環境心理学といった有望な方法論が存在するにもかかわらず，専門職域の未整備もあり教育研究は立ち遅れていた。しかし，近年，警察の防犯分野と大学研究者との協働コンソーシアムの設立，個票のオープンデータ公開等，教育研究の環境が急速に整いつつある。 このため2019年以降日心大会でシンポジウム「地域での犯罪予防」を開催し，各地での心理学研究者と実務家との協働事例および教育事例のショーケースを積み重ねてきた。4年目になる本年は，高齢者の世帯構成に注目した被害リスク分析，社会参加に注目した日常活動調査，社会ネットワーク分析の結果に基づく新たな地域介入の可能性を中心に検討する。

Focusing on the graduates of local universities living in urban areas, we investigated the relationship among their past life in the area surrounding the university they graduated from, their current attachment to the area, and their intention to contribute to the area. The results of the analysis of the data obtained from the interviews and the web questionnaire survey revealed the following: (1) Those who have previously lived with the local community around their universities still show an attachment to that community, and (2) those who have an attachment to that community are more likely to show willingness to contribute to the community. These results suggest that local university graduates can contribute to the local community even from the urban areas they currently live in.

<p>Consultative behavior with spouses has been found to be effective in deterring telephone call–based fraud. This study aimed to identify the factors that enhance spousal counseling behavior during fraudulent phone call encounters. In December 2019, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 874 households each exclusively composed of an elderly marital couple (n = 1,748). The influence of the day-to-day marital relationship and trust in the spouse as a counselor on the intention to consult was examined using Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) analysis. The results showed that marital satisfaction had an indirect effect on intentions for consultative behavior, mediated by trust in both wives and husbands, and that marital satisfaction was defined by daily communication and positive problem-solving strategies. The results imply that efforts to communicate with spouses and to proactively solve problems increase marriage satisfaction and are also effective in promoting spousal counseling behavior.</p>

<p>In deterring fraud, it has been pointed out that when a citizen encounters a case considered that seems to be a fraud, it is effective to provide that information to others. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that enhance the citizens' intentions to provide information to police, municipality, neighborhood association, and neighboring residents. We conducted a statistical analysis (multilevel structural equation modeling) using the data of 874 households with only an elderly marital couple (n = 1748) obtained by a questionnaire survey, and verified the model of the psychological process that enhances the intention to provide information. As a result, it was found that the communication between couples affects the sense of association with the local community, and the sense affects the willingness to provide information.</p>

To promote domestic forestry smoothly in the future, understanding nonexperts' views on forestry and cutting methods is necessary. In the present study, we investigated an aesthetic (cognitive/evaluative) value of the nonexperts for the six types of cutting methods (clear-cutting, group cutting, old tree residual cutting, extensive residual cutting (100 pieces/ha), medium residual cutting (50 pieces/ha), small residual cutting (10 pieces/ha)) and before cutting. Then, we compared the aesthetic perspectives of the nonexperts regarding the methods and their application with those of the experts to evaluate their potential impacts on biodiversity conservation and rationality as forestry. According to the results, 1) nonexperts tended to rate clear-cutting and old tree residual cutting positively whereas group cutting with viewed with negative impacts. Besides, 2) because nonexperts are more likely to resist tree cutting, they should be furnished with information about the role of logging activities, and the need to take into account ecosystem functions and tree planting activities for final cutting. 3) There was a considerable gap between experts and nonexperts based on their perspectives on the roles of different final cutting methods, which implies that further efforts should be made to understand the perspectives of nonexperts to facilitate their education.

CiP is a term for over 500,000 volunteers who support the police either directly or indirectly. CiP delivers £ 70-80m in value per year to policing and its development provides an excellent opportunity to build social capital and involve communities in policing. This article introduces seven types of voluntters (Special Constables, Police Support Volunteers, Volunteer Police Cadets and Mini Police, Community Speedwatch, Street Pastors and Street Wardens, Cyber volunteers, and Neighbourhood Watch) based on a survey on Citizens in Policing (CiP) conducted in September 2019.