Gabriel Fuentes Cordoba

Purpose Mega-events are frequently promoted as catalysts for regional development, yet communities located near event activities may remain peripheral to the governance processes through which opportunities and legacies are produced. This study examines how event governance structures and local relational capacity shaped the participation of two rural, venue-adjacent communities in the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, and how these relationships performed under COVID-19 disruption. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a comparative embedded case design of two rural hot-spring (onsen) towns in the Tohoku region of northeastern Japan that were located near Olympic activities. Drawing on 22 semi-structured interviews with local businesses and public-sector stakeholders, the analysis examines how bonding, bridging, and linking relationships interacted with event governance structures to shape planning participation, institutional access, and responses to disruption. COVID-19 is treated as a stress test of these governance relationships. Findings Geographic proximity to Olympic activities did not produce meaningful or evenly distributed participation. Most local stakeholders had limited involvement in planning, while institutional access was concentrated among selected actors, particularly accommodation providers, and cross-sector coordination remained weak. When COVID-19 eliminated anticipated economic and symbolic opportunities, businesses adapted individually and some accessed institutional support, but these capacities rarely developed into coordinated destination-level responses. Originality/value This study advances event scholarship by conceptualizing peripheral participation as a relational rather than purely spatial condition. It introduces relational peripheralization to explain how communities and local actors may remain connected to a mega-event while occupying weak positions within the relationships that structure information, resources, participation, and influence. The study further reframes social capital as relational capacity within event governance and shows how disruption can reveal whether existing relationships support collective adaptive capacity when anticipated event opportunities collapse.

Purpose This paper seeks to aid the ongoing debate on the supportive (total) quality management ((T)QM)–performance relationship by testing a contingency framework explaining how training and development (T&D) impacts product quality (PQ). Design/methodology/approach We analyse firm-level cross-sectional data from 1,857 Japanese manufacturers using the Oster model to test three hypotheses: a direct T&D-PQ effect (H1), heterogeneous effects across T&D approaches (H2), and firm size moderation (H3). Findings We confirm a direct, positive T&D–PQ association (H1). Crucially, we demonstrate that this effect is contingent upon design: a company-driven approach to T&D Selection and the presence of a formal T&D Policy have the strongest impact on PQ improvement (H2). Finally, we show that firm size does not moderate the T&D–PQ relationship (H3). Research limitations/implications Our results suggest that the positive Soft (T)QM-performance link is unequivocal while also confirming that not all T&D approaches/methods are equally effective. We reveal a boundary condition to employee empowerment: autonomy in T&D selection for non-managerial staff may impede quality improvement. The null size effect suggests institutional substitution, whereby macro-level human resource development (HRD) norms can override firm-level resource constraints. Practical implications Supportive (T)QM—especially T&D—is critical to quality improvement. We also aid human resource management (HRM) practitioners in selecting the most effective, context-appropriate T&D strategies in the pursuit of higher PQ. Originality/value This study utilises (arguably) the largest dataset ever applied to the supportive (T)QM–performance linkage. Additionally, we employ the Oster model—widely used in economics and political science—which, to our knowledge, has not been previously used in the QM and/or HRM domains.

Summary The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) significantly impacted the Tohoku Region in north-eastern Japan, leading to a large number of human casualties and environmental devastation. It exacerbated pre-existing economic and demographic decline. Tourism development was promoted as part of economic recovery and revitalization efforts. With Japan securing the winning bid for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, it was hoped that having some of the Olympic activities hosted in Tohoku would contribute to recovery efforts. This case study examines the perspectives of businesses in areas located near the Olympic venues in Tohoku, on what kind of effects the Olympics had on their operations. Information © The Authors 2023