Shiro Sakai

<jats:p>We explore the superconducting properties of the bilayer Hubbard model, which exhibits a high transition temperature <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><a:mo>(</a:mo><a:msub><a:mi>T</a:mi><a:mi>c</a:mi></a:msub><a:mo>)</a:mo></a:math> for an <b:math xmlns:b="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><b:msub><b:mi>s</b:mi><b:mo>±</b:mo></b:msub></b:math> pairing, using a cluster extension of the dynamical mean-field theory. Unlike the single-layer Hubbard model, where the <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><c:mi>d</c:mi></c:math>-wave superconductivity emerges by doping the Mott insulator, the parent state of the bilayer system is a correlated band insulator. Above <d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><d:msub><d:mi>T</d:mi><d:mi>c</d:mi></d:msub></d:math>, slight hole (electron) doping introduces a striking dichotomy between electron and hole pockets: The electron (hole) pocket develops a pseudogap while the other becomes a nearly incipient band. We reveal that the superconductivity is driven by kinetic (potential) energy gain in the underdoped (overdoped) region. We also find a very short coherence length, for which we argue the relevance to multiorbital physics. Our Letter offers crucial insights into the superconductivity in the bilayer Hubbard model potentially relevant to <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><e:mrow><e:msub><e:mi>La</e:mi><e:mn>3</e:mn></e:msub><e:msub><e:mi>Ni</e:mi><e:mn>2</e:mn></e:msub><e:msub><e:mi mathvariant="normal">O</e:mi><e:mn>7</e:mn></e:msub></e:mrow></e:math>.</jats:p>

<jats:p> The pseudogap phenomena have been a long-standing mystery of the cuprate high-temperature superconductors. The pseudogap in the electron-doped cuprates has been attributed to band folding due to antiferromagnetic (AFM) long-range order or short-range correlation. We performed an angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study of the electron-doped cuprates Pr <jats:sub> 1.3− <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> </jats:sub> La <jats:sub>0.7</jats:sub> Ce <jats:sub> <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> </jats:sub> CuO <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> showing spin-glass, disordered AFM behaviors, and superconductivity at low temperatures and, by measurements with fine momentum cuts, found that the gap opens on the unfolded Fermi surface rather than the AFM Brillouin zone boundary. The gap did not show a node, following the full symmetry of the Brillouin zone, and its magnitude decreased from the zone-diagonal to ( <jats:italic>π</jats:italic> ,0) directions, opposite to the hole-doped case. These observations were reproduced by cluster dynamical-mean-field-theory calculation, which took into account electron correlation precisely within a (CuO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ) <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> cluster. The present experimental and theoretical results are consistent with the mechanism that electron or hole doping into a Mott insulator creates an in-gap band that is separated from the upper or lower Hubbard band by the pseudogap. </jats:p>