Itsuki NAGASAWA

第2部: 教育実践報告/調査報告

第2部: 教育実践報告/調査報告

文化庁の言語使用調査等でも指摘されているように、副詞「地味に」は近年、「地味に痛い」「地味に一番重要だ」「地味に全部消えている」等、新用法を派生させ、使用が拡大している。それら新用法の新しさとはどこにあるのか、コーパスの用例を歴史的に考察した結果、次の結論を得た。「地味に」の従来用法は専ら【様態副詞】であったのに対し、新用法はそれが【程度副詞】【叙法副詞】へと派生したものである。【様態副詞】が〈様態〉を表すと同時に〈程度〉をも表すケースを媒介として【程度副詞】が出現したとみられる。さらに、【程度副詞】において〈程度性〉の意味が後退し、〈表れ方が表立っていない〉ことを主眼とする用例が出現したことを発端に【叙法副詞】が成立したとみられる。【叙法副詞】が自己主張を和らげる控え目な表現としての機能をもったことが、使用範囲を拡大させたとみられる。様態副詞から叙法副詞への変化は日英語の副詞にも起きており、一般性のある変化傾向である。

<p>The auxiliary verb "令 shimu" was used in a causative sense in Classical Chinese writings. However, in Japanized Chinese writings in the Kamakura period of medieval Japan, it was widely used in a non-causative sense, which is presumed to have derived from a causative one. Regarding its function no agreement has been reached: some studies have suggested that the presence or absence of this auxiliary verb did not affect the meaning of a sentence; other ones have considered it to mean "humble", "reflexive", "marking volitional", etc. Focusing more on its structural function than its semantic one, we made the following conclusions. The function of non-causative shimu is to mark the following word as a verb or make the word into a verb. It was used as a substitute for the light verb suru in Japanized Chinese writing in which neither Japanese native particles nor suffixes could be used. The origin of non-causative shimu could be the Classical Chinese causative construction "S shimu V," where in some contexts shimu-V with causative meaning was semantically close to a transitive verb and shimu was reanalyzed as a marker of verbs. In the position of V stands a wide range of actions, such as both volitional and non-volitional actions, and inanimate-subjects events; it can even be an adjective. Prior research has noted that the function of shimu was similar to that of "致 itasu," but the fact that words following itasu were not verbs but nouns and semantically limited to volitional actions indicates that they function differently.</p>